Smart Street Lights

Team 7C Smart lighting: Presentation Overview https://mediaspace.carleton.ca/media/CCDP2100C%20Team%207%20Presentation%20of%20Findings/1_7k06ne0w

Overview

Streetlights consume a lot of energy when in use and it would be quite wasteful to leave them on all the time [2]. Therefore, it is important to use smart systems that can control when they are on or not quickly and efficiently to reduce energy wastage. Systems such as weather and light sensors, wired transmission networks, and wired transmission networks come together to create an energy efficient street lighting system.

Figure 1: Single mode and multimode fiber optics [1]

Environmental Light Level Light Intensity Control: Jullian Buenaventura

The light-dependent resistor takes environment light levels into account, allowing the streetlight to activate under certain conditions where light is low or absent and turn off for high environment light levels [2]. The streetlight’s intensity can be controlled with the use of a light-dependent resistor (LDR). By implementing the LDR into the streetlight’s circuit, the intensity of the streetlight can adjust based on its exposure to incident light. As light hits the LDR’s sensor, the light gives energy to the electrons inside the LDR, thereby exciting the electrons and conducting electricity. Like water flowing in a river, excited electrons induce the flow of electricity through the LDR’s circuit [3]. With the implementation of the LDR in streetlights, light can be controlled to reduce using unnecessary light within cities, leading to less energy wasted.

Figure 2: Light dependent resistor sensor on a streetlight [1, modified]

References

[1] “Dealing With Street Lights,” Digital Pressworks. [Online].

Available: https://www.digitalpressworks.com/dealing-with-street-lights/. [Accessed: 05-Nov-2020].

[2] E. Notes, “Light Dependent Resistor LDR: Photoresistor,” Electronics Notes. [Online].

Available: https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/electronic_components/resistors/light-dependentresistor-ldr.php. [Accessed: 08-Oct-2020].

[3] K. Spurr, “How an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) Works,” Kitronik Ltd, 14-Jan-2014.

[Online]. Available: https://kitronik.co.uk/blogs/resources/how-an-ldr-light-dependent-resistor-works. [Accessed: 15-Oct-2020].

Data Transmission: Jacob Van Groningen

A 5G network can be used for the implementation of a smart street lighting system by creating a strong communication environment between the control center and sensors network. This network can be used through the implementation of various metro cells. To implement this system a signal transmitter must be implemented at every few streetlight posts. The signal from these transmitters will then be sent to a signal repeater every 200 meters and can encompass up to 250 different devices [2]. These repeaters will then send this information all the way to a data center somewhere either in the center or the outskirts of the city where this system was implemented. This system will also be run at a frequency of 24 GHz for there to be less interference with other systems and electronics in the same area [2]. The one downside of this implementation is that there are serious difficulties with the waves propagating through solid mediums such as walls.

Figure 3: Smart Street Lighting System [1, modified]

References

[1]   "5G Acceleration-Smart Street Lights Promising - Meteorological Companies & Environmental Companies Database", Meteorological Companies & Environmental Companies Database, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.environment-monitor.com/item/5g-acceleration-smart-street-lights-promising/. (accessed November 5, 2020)

[2]    “5G Coverage using FR2 mmWave frequencies.” 5G Networks. https://www.5g-networks.net/5g-technology/5g-coverage-using-fr2-mmwave-frequencies/. (accessed November 26, 2020).

P. Lynggaard and K.E. Skouby, "Deploying 5G-Technologies in Smart City and Smart Home Wireless Sensor Networks with Interferences," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 1319-1413, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1007/s11277-015-2480-5.

[9]    P. Lynggaard and K.E. Skouby, "Deploying 5G-Technologies in Smart City and Smart Home Wireless Sensor Networks with Interferences," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 1319-1413, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1007/s11277-015-2480-5.

Transmission Speed: Arsh Saleem

Using fibre optic cable technology to reduce the time between sending and receiving signals has proven effective in many instances. This is because the cable transmits information as light using Total Internal Reflection at marginally higher speeds than copper wire technology [2]. Since fibre optic cables use light, which is the fastest known travelling material in the universe, the transmission speed of data can be increased by sending the data as a light wave.  The digital information binary bits 0 and 1 representing on and off is encoded in the light wave as a high peak and a low one. This wave is then reflected off many glass surfaces finally reaching the transmission destination and getting decoded back to the original information. It is crucial to have high speeds of transmission in streetlight networks so sensors can communicate with the controller board to make quick changes during situations where speed is necessary such as lighting the street for a high-speed oncoming emergency vehicle [3].

Figure 4: Fiber Optic Cable [1]

References

[1]        Wikimedia, “Fiber Optic Cable,” Wikimedia, 2019. [Online]. Available:            https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fiber_optic_illuminated.jpg.  (ace          ssed September 23, 2020).

[2]    “New record data transfer speed in fiber optic network,” TECHNOLOGIST, 26-Apr                         -2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.technologist.eu/new-record-data                            -transfer-speed-in-fiber-optic-network/. [Accessed: 23-Sep-2020]. 

[3]     Y. Kucherov, P. Hagelstein and V. Sevastyanenko, "Energy conversion using diode-                       like structures," Twenty-First International Conference on Thermoelectrics,                  2002.   Proceedings ICT '02., Long Beach, CA, USA, 2002, pp. 431-434, doi:                        10.1109/ICT.2002.1190353.